Khan Academy Static

In 31 B.C.E. Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, defeated Cleopatra and Mark Anthony at Actium. This brought the last civil war of the republic to an end. Although it was hoped by many that the republic could be restored, it soon became clear that a new political system was forming: the emperor became the focus of the empire and its people. Although, in theory, Augustus (as Octavian became known) was only the first citizen and ruled by consent of the Senate, he was in fact the empire's supreme authority. As emperor he could pass his powers to the heir he decreed and was a king in all but name.

13496_Augustus_of_Primaporta.html

13502_Column_of_Trajan.html

13501_The_Forum_of_Trajan.html

13503_Markets_of_Trajan.html

13498_The_art_of_gem_carving.html

13497_Ara_Pacis.html

13500_Relief_from_the_Arch_of_Titus_showing_The_Spoils_of_Jerusalem_being_brought_into_Rome.html

13499_Colosseum_Flavian_Amphitheater_.html